Which of the following components is included in the vital capacity?

Vital capacity is a critical respiratory measurement that reflects the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. It encompasses several components of lung volume.

The key elements that comprise vital capacity include tidal volume (the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing), inspiratory reserve volume (the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation), and expiratory reserve volume (the additional air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation).

The choice indicating that total lung capacity minus residual volume also contributes to understanding vital capacity is relevant because residual volume is not part of the vital capacity; it represents the air left in the lungs after full exhalation. Thus, subtracting residual volume from total lung capacity provides context for how vital capacity relates to overall lung function.

Therefore, since vital capacity is defined by the combination of these volumes and also correctly reflects that vital capacity can be derived from total lung capacity minus residual volume, the option stating that all of the provided components are included in vital capacity is comprehensive and accurate.