All of the following factors increase MAC except:

The correct answer indicates that acute ethanol (ETOH) exposure does not increase the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of anesthetics. In fact, acute exposure to alcohol typically has the opposite effect, as it tends to lower the MAC value. This reduction is due to the effects of alcohol as a central nervous system depressant, leading to increased sedation and decreased anesthetic requirements.

In contrast, chronic alcohol use can lead to tolerance, which may increase MAC as individuals require more anesthetic to achieve the same level of effect. High serum sodium levels, such as 170 meq/L, can also affect drug metabolism and response. Youth is associated with a higher metabolic rate and often a lower MAC requirement due to increased physiological responsiveness compared to older populations. Understanding these relationships is crucial in anesthesia practice to ensure patient safety and optimal dosing.